Abrams, P. et al., 2010. Fourth International Consultation on Incontinence Recommendations of the International Scientific Committee: Evaluation and treatment of urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and fecal incontinence. Neurourology and urodynamics, 29(1), pp.213–40.
Aigner, F. et al., 2009. Anal submucosal carbon bead injection for treatment of idiopathic fecal incontinence: a preliminary report. Diseases of the colon and rectum, 52(2), pp.293–8.
Albrich, S.B. et al., 2011. 2-D- und 3-D-Sonografie; Klinischer Einsatz in der Urogynäkologie.
Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, (16), pp.42–50. Andrews, V. et al., 2006. Occult anal sphincter injuries–myth or reality? BJOG, 113(2), pp.195– Bader, W. et al., 1995. [Ultrasound morphologic parameters of female stress incontinence].
Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980), 16(4), pp.180–5. Bader, W. et al., 1997. Methodischer Ansatz zur Standardisierung der Introitussonographie.
Geburtsh Frauenheilk, 57(4), pp.193–197. Bagade, P. & Mackenzie, S., 2010. Outcomes from medium term follow-up of patients with third and fourth degree perineal tears. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 30(6), pp.609–12. Bharucha, A.E. et al., 2005. Relationship between symptoms and disordered continence mechanisms in women with idiopathic faecal incontinence. Gut, 54(4), pp.546–55.
Birch, N.C., Hurst, G. & Doyle, P.T., 1988. Serial residual volumes in men with prostatic hypertrophy. British journal of urology, 62(6), pp.571–5.
Birchard, K.R. & Fielding, J.R., 2003. Fecal incontinence in the postreproductive woman. Current women’s health reports, 3(5), pp.405–9.
Bø, K., Sherburn, M. & Allen, T., 2003. Transabdominal ultrasound measurement of pelvic floor muscle activity when activated directly or via a transversus abdominis muscle contraction.
Neurourology and urodynamics, 22(6), pp.582–8. Bollard, R.C. et al., 2003. Anal sphincter injury, fecal and urinary incontinence: a 34-year followup after forceps delivery. Diseases of the colon and rectum, 46(8), pp.1083–8. Bordeianou, L. et al., 2008. Anal resting pressures at manometry correlate with the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index and with presence of sphincter defects on ultrasound. Diseases of the colon and rectum, 51(7), pp.1010–4.
Bradley, C.S. et al., 2007. Risk factors for sonographic internal anal sphincter gaps 6-12 months after delivery complicated by anal sphincter tear. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 197(3), pp.310.e1–5.
Braekken, I.H. et al., 2008. Test-retest and intra-observer repeatability of two-, three- and fourdimensional perineal ultrasound of pelvic floor muscle anatomy and function. International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor ysfunction, 19(2), pp.227–35.
Briel, J.W. et al., 1999. External anal sphincter atrophy on endoanal magnetic resonance imaging adversely affects continence after sphincteroplasty. The British journal of surgery, 86(10), pp.1322–7.
Bruskewitz, R.C., Iversen, P. & Madsen, P.O., 1982. Value of postvoid residual urine determination in evaluation of prostatism. Urology, 20(6), pp.602–4.
Cazemier, M. et al., 2006. Atrophy and defects detection of the external anal sphincter: comparison between three-dimensional anal endosonography and endoanal magnetic resonance imaging. Diseases of the colon and rectum, 49(1), pp.20–7.
Chantarasorn, V. & Dietz, H.P., 2012. Diagnosis of cystocele type by clinical examination and pelvic floor ultrasound. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 39(6), pp.710–4.
Chantarasorn, V., Shek, K.L. & Dietz, H.P., 2011. Sonographic appearance of transobturator slings: implications for function and dysfunction. International urogynecology journal, 22(4), pp.493–8.
Chen, R. et al., 2011. The assessment of voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction by threedimensional transperineal ultrasonography. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 284(4), pp.931–6.
Corton, M.M. et al., 2013. Endoanal ultrasound for detection of sphincter defects following childbirth. International urogynecology journal, 24(4), pp.627–35.
Davis, K. et al., 2003. Symptoms and anal sphincter morphology following primary repair of thirddegree tears. The British journal of surgery, 90(12), pp.1573–9. – 24 -015/055 – S2k-Leitlinie: Sonographie im Rahmen der urogynäkologischen Diagnostik aktueller Stand: 12/2013
Deen, K.I. et al., 1993. Anal sphincter defects. Correlation between endoanal ultrasound and surgery. Annals of surgery, 218(2), pp.201–5.
Derpapas, A. et al., 2012. Racial differences in female urethral morphology and levator hiatal dimensions: an ultrasound study. Neurourology and urodynamics, 31(4), pp.502–7.
Dickie, K.J., Shek, K.L. & Dietz, H.P., 2010. The relationship between urethral mobility and parity. BJOG, 117(10), pp.1220–4.
Dietz, H.P., Franco, A.V.M., et al., 2012. Avulsion injury and levator hiatal ballooning: two independent risk factors for prolapse? An observational study. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 91(2), pp.211–4.
Dietz, H.P., 2012a. Clinical consequences of levator trauma. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 39(4), pp.367–71.
Dietz, H.P., 2012b. Mesh in prolapse surgery: an imaging perspective. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 40(5), pp.495–503.
Dietz, H.P., Bernardo, M.J., et al., 2011. Minimal criteria for the diagnosis of avulsion of the puborectalis muscle by tomographic ultrasound. International urogynecology journal, 22(6), pp.699–704.
Dietz, H.P., 2010a. Pelvic floor ultrasound: a review. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 202(4), pp.321–334.
Dietz, H.P., 2007. Quantification of major morphological abnormalities of the levator ani.
Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 29(3), pp.329–34. Dietz, H.P., 2010b. The evolution of ultrasound in urogynecology. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 36(6), pp.655–7.
Dietz, H.P. et al., 2005. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of suburethral slings. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 26(2), pp.175–9.
Dietz, H.P., 2004. Ultrasound imaging of the pelvic floor. Part II: three-dimensional or volume imaging. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 23(6), pp.615–25.
Dietz, H.P., Abbu, A. & Shek, K.L., 2008. The levator-urethra gap measurement: a more objective means of determining levator avulsion? Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 32(7), pp.941–5.
Dietz, H.P. & Beer-Gabel, M., 2012. Ultrasound in the investigation of posterior compartment vaginal prolapse and obstructed defecation. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 40(1), pp.14–27.
Dietz, H.P., Chantarasorn, V. & Shek, K.L., 2010. Levator avulsion is a risk factor for cystocele recurrence. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 36(1), pp.76–80.
Dietz, H.P. & Clarke, B., 2001. The influence of posture on perineal ultrasound imaging parameters. International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction, 12(2), pp.104–6.
Dietz, H.P., Erdmann, M. & Shek, K.L., 2011. Mesh contraction: myth or reality? American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 204(2), pp.173.e1–4.
Dietz, H.P., Moegni, F. & Shek, K.L., 2012. Diagnosis of levator avulsion injury: a comparison of three methods. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 40(6), pp.693–8.
Dietz, H.P. & Shek, K.L., 2009. Tomographic ultrasound imaging of the pelvic floor: which levels matter most? Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 33(6), pp.698–703.
Dietz, H.P. & Simpson, J.M., 2008. Levator trauma is associated with pelvic organ prolapse. BJOG, 115(8), pp.979–84.
Dietz, H.P. & Wilson, P.D., 1999. The influence of bladder volume on the position and mobility of the urethrovesical junction. International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction, 10(1), pp.3–6.
Dietz, H.P. & Wilson, P.D., 2004. The “iris effect”: how two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound can help us understand anti-incontinence procedures. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 23(3), pp.267–71.
Dietz, H.P., Wilson, P.D. & Clarke, B., 2001. The use of perineal ultrasound to quantify levator activity and teach pelvic floor muscle exercises. International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction, 12(3), pp.166–8; discussion 168–9.
Digesu, G.A. et al., 2012. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of female urethral sphincter using a translabial technique. International
Urogynecology Journal, 23(8), pp.1063–1068. Digesu, G.A. et al., 2009. Three-dimensional ultrasound of the urethral sphincter predicts continence surgery outcome. Neurourology and urodynamics, 28(1), pp.90–4. – 26 -015/055 – S2k-Leitlinie: Sonographie im Rahmen der urogynäkologischen Diagnostik aktueller Stand: 12/2013
Ding, Y.Y. et al., 1996. Clinical utility of a portable ultrasound scanner in the measurement of residual urine volume. Singapore medical journal, 37(4), pp.365–8.
Dobben, A.C. et al., 2007. External anal sphincter defects in patients with fecal incontinence: comparison of endoanal MR imaging and endoanal US. Radiology, 242(2), pp.463–71.
Dragomir, A.D. et al., 2010. Uterine leiomyomata associated with self-reported stress urinary incontinence. Journal of women’s health (2002), 19(2), pp.245–50.
Duckett, J., Basu, M. & Papanikolaou, N., 2010. Transperineal ultrasound to assess the effect of tension-free vaginal tape position on flow rates. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 36(3), pp.379–83.
Eisenberg, V.H. et al., 2010. Does levator ani injury affect cystocele type? Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 36(5), pp.618–23.
Faltin, D.L. et al., 2005. Diagnosis of anal sphincter tears to prevent fecal incontinence: a randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics and gynecology, 106(1), pp.6–13.
Farouk, R. & Bartolo, D.C., 1994. The use of endoluminal ultrasound in the assessment of patients with faecal incontinence. Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, 39(5), pp.312–8.
Feiner, B. & Maher, C., 2010. Vagninal mesh construction. Obstetrics and gynecology, (115), pp.325–330.
Fitzpatrick, M., Behan, M., et al., 2000. A randomized clinical trial comparing primary overlap with approximation repair of third-degree obstetric tears. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 183(5), pp.1220–4.
Fitzpatrick, M., Fynes, M., et al., 2000. Prospective study of the influence of parity and operative technique on the outcome of primary anal sphincter repair following obstetrical injury.
European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 89(2), pp.159–63. Fitzpatrick, M. et al., 2003. Randomised clinical trial to assess anal sphincter function following forceps or vacuum assisted vaginal delivery. BJOG, 110(4), pp.424–9.
Flock, F. et al., 2011. Ultrasound assessment of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT). Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980), 32 Suppl 1, pp.S35–40.
Fornell, E.U. et al., 2005. Obstetric anal sphincter injury ten years after: subjective and objective long term effects. BJOG, 112(3), pp.312–6.
Frudinger, A. et al., 2008. The natural history of clinically unrecognized anal sphincter tears over 10 years after first vaginal delivery. Obstetrics and gynecology, 111(5), pp.1058–64.
Fuchsjäger, M.H. et al., 2003. Comparison of transrectal sonography and double-contrast MR imaging when staging rectal cancer. AJR. American journal of roentgenology, 181(2), pp.421–7.
Fynes, M.M. et al., 2000. Anal vector volume analysis complements endoanal ultrasonographic assessment of postpartum anal sphincter injury. The British journal of surgery, 87(9), pp.1209–14.
Gearhart, S.L. et al., 2005. Sphincter defects are not associated with long-term incontinence following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Diseases of the colon and rectum, 48(7), pp.1410–5.
Gold, D.M. et al., 1999. Three-dimensional endoanal sonography in assessing anal canal injury.
The British journal of surgery, 86(3), pp.365–70.
Goode, P.S. et al., 2000. Measurement of postvoid residual urine with portable transabdominal bladder ultrasound scanner and urethral catheterization. International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction, 11(5), pp.296–300.
Gregory, W.T. et al., 2004. Quantitative electromyography of the anal sphincter after uncomplicated vaginal delivery. Obstetrics and gynecology, 104(2), pp.327–35.
Griffiths, D.J. et al., 1996. Variability of post-void residual urine volume in the elderly. Urological research, 24(1), pp.23–6.
Van der Hagen, S.J. et al., 2011. Conservative treatment of patients with faecal soiling. Techniques in coloproctology, 15(3), pp.291–5.
Harms, L. et al., 2007. Funneling before and after anti-incontinence surgery–a prognostic indicator? Part 2: tension-free vaginal tape. International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction, 18(3), pp.289–94.
Haylen, B.T. et al., 2010. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Neurourology and urodynamics, 29(1), pp.4–20.
Hegde, A. et al., 2013. Three-dimensional endovaginal ultrasound examination following injection of Macroplastique for stress urinary incontinence: outcomes based on location and periurethral distribution of the bulking agent. International urogynecology journal, 24(7), pp.1151–9.
Hernández-Magro, P.M. et al., 2002. Endoanal sonography in the assessment of perianal endometriosis with external anal sphincter involvement. Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU, 30(4), pp.245–8.
Hill, K. et al., 2006. Endoanal ultrasound compared to anorectal manometry for the evaluation of fecal incontinence: a study of the effect these tests have on clinical outcome. Digestive diseases and sciences, 51(2), pp.235–40.
Huang, A.J. et al., 2011. Clinical significance of postvoid residual volume in older ambulatory women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 59(8), pp.1452–8.
Huang, W.-C. et al., 2010. The correlations of incontinence-related quality of life measures with symptom severity and pathophysiology in women with primary stress urinary incontinence. World journal of urology, 28(5), pp.619–23.
Hung, H.-C. et al., 2011. Effect of pelvic-floor muscle strengthening on bladder neck mobility: a clinical trial. Physical therapy, 91(7), pp.1030–8.
Imhoff, L.R., Liwanag, L. & Varma, M., 2012. Exacerbation of symptom severity of pelvic floor disorders in women who report a history of sexual abuse. Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 147(12), pp.1123–9.
Jeppson, P.C. et al., 2012. Accuracy of the digital anal examination in women with fecal incontinence. International urogynecology journal, 23(6), pp.765–8.
Jundt, K., Scheer, I., Schiessl, B., et al., 2010. Incontinence, bladder neck mobility, and sphincter ruptures in primiparous women. European journal of medical research, 15(6), pp.246–52.
Jundt, K., Scheer, I., von Bodungen, V., et al., 2010. What harm does a second delivery to the pelvic floor? European journal of medical research, 15(8), pp.362–6.
Karandikar, S. et al., 2003. Attitudes to the treatment of chronic anal fissure in ano after failed medical treatment. Colorectal disease, 5(6), pp.569–72.
Kenefick, N.J. et al., 2002. Medium-term results of permanent sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence. The British journal of surgery, 89(7), pp.896–901.
Khullar, V. et al., 1996. Ultrasound: a noninvasive screening test for detrusor instability. British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 103(9), pp.904–8.
Knowles, A.M. et al., 2008. Effects of age and gender on three-dimensional endoanal ultrasonography measurements: development of normal ranges. Techniques in coloproctology, 12(4), pp.323–9.
Kociszewski, J. et al., 2012. Can we place tension-free vaginal tape where it should be? The onethird rule. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 39(2), pp.210–4.
Kociszewski, J. et al., 2010. Tape functionality: position, change in shape, and outcome after TVT procedure–mid-term results. International urogynecology journal, 21(7), pp.795–800.
Kociszewski, J. et al., 2008. Tape functionality: sonographic tape characteristics and outcome after TVT incontinence surgery. Neurourology and urodynamics, 27(6), pp.485–90.
Kociszewski, J. & Bagci, S., 2003. TVT – Sonographische Beobachtungen im Hinblick auf korrekte Lage und Funktion des TVT-Bandes unter Berücksichtigung der individuellen
Urethralänge. Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, 63(7), pp.640–647. Kociszewski, J. & Kolben, S., 2009. Komplikationen nach Inkontinenz- und Deszensus-OP.
Exakte Abklärung durch Pelvic-Floor-Sonografie. Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, (11), pp.18–22. Kociszewski, J. & Viereck, V., 2013. Introital ultrasound in the diagnosis of occult abscesses following a tape procedure: a case report. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics.
Koelbl, H. & Hanzal, E., 1995. Imaging of the lower urinary tract. Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology, 7(5), pp.382–5. Kontogeorgos, L., Vassilopoulos, P. & Tentes, A., 1985. Bilateral Severe Hydroureteronephrosis due to Uterine Prolapse. British Journal of Urology, 57(3), pp.360–361.
Kruger, J.A. et al., 2008. Pelvic floor function in nulliparous women using three-dimensional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Obstetrics and gynecology, 111(3), pp.631–8.
Kuhn, A. et al., 2010. How should bladder wall thickness be measured? A comparison of vaginal, perineal and abdominal ultrasound. Neurourology and urodynamics, 29(8), pp.1393–6.
Kuhn, A. et al., 2011. Sonographic transvaginal bladder wall thickness: does the measurement discriminate between urodynamic diagnoses? Neurourology and urodynamics, 30(3), pp.325–8.
Laine, K. et al., 2011. Prevalence and risk factors for anal incontinence after obstetric anal sphincter rupture. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 90(4), pp.319–24.
Latthe, P.M., Champaneria, R. & Khan, K.S., 2010. Systematic review of the accuracy of ultrasound as the method of measuring bladder wall thickness in the diagnosis of detrusor overactivity. International urogynecology journal, 21(8), pp.1019–24.
Lekskulchai, O. & Dietz, H.P., 2008. Detrusor wall thickness as a test for detrusor overactivity in women. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 32(4), pp.535–9.
Lin, K.-L. et al., 2012. Three-dimensional ultrasonographic assessment of compression effect on urethra following tension-free vaginal tape and transobturator tape procedures. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 39(4), pp.452–7.
Lone, F. et al., 2013. Prospective evaluation of change in levator hiatus dimensions using 3D endovaginal ultrasound before and 1 year after treatment for female pelvic organ prolapse.
International urogynecology journal, 24(8), pp.1287–93. Lovegrove Jones, R.C. et al., 2010. Mechanisms of pelvic floor muscle function and the effect on the urethra during a cough. European urology, 57(6), pp.1101–10.
Lukanovic, A. & Patrelli, T.S., 2011. Validation of ultrasound scan in the diagnosis of female stress urinary incontinence. Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology, 38(4), pp.373–8.
Maeda, Y. et al., 2009. Physiological, psychological and behavioural characteristics of men and women with faecal incontinence. Colorectal disease, 11(9), pp.927–32.
Mahony, R. et al., 2008. Effect of second vaginal delivery on anal function in patients at risk of occult anal sphincter injury after first forceps delivery. Diseases of the colon and rectum, 51(9), pp.1361–6.
Mahony, R. et al., 2007. Internal anal sphincter defect influences continence outcome following obstetric anal sphincter injury. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 196(3), pp.217.e1–5.
Mahony, R.T. et al., 2004. Randomized clinical trial of intra-anal electromyographic biofeedback physiotherapy with intra-anal electromyographic biofeedback augmented with electrical stimulation of the anal sphincter in the early treatment of postpartum fecal incontinence.
American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 191(3), pp.885–90. Maier, A.G. et al., 2001. Evaluation of perianal sepsis: comparison of anal endosonography and magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging, 14(3), pp.254–60. Majida, M. et al., 2010. Validation of three-dimensional perineal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging measurements of the pubovisceral muscle at rest. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 35(6), pp.715–22.
Marks, L.S. et al., 1997. Three-dimensional ultrasound device for rapid determination of bladder volume. Urology, 50(3), pp.341–8.
Martan, A. et al., 2001. Ultrasound imaging of the lower urinary system in women after Burch colposuspension. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 17(1), pp.58–64.
McCormick, J.T. et al., 2007. Occult perineal endometrioma diagnosed by endoanal ultrasound and treated by excision: a report of 3 cases. The Journal of reproductive medicine, 52(8), pp.733–6.
McGuire, E.J. et al., 1981. Prognostic value of urodynamic testing in myelodysplastic patients. The Journal of urology, 126(2), pp.205–9.
McNicol, F.J. et al., 2010. Management of obstetric anal sphincter injuries–a role for the colorectal surgeon. Colorectal disease, 12(9), pp.927–30.
Merz, E. et al., 2007. Standardization of three-dimensional images in obstetrics and gynecology: consensus statement. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 29(6), pp.697–703.
Mitterberger, M. et al., 2007. Autologous myoblasts and fibroblasts for female stress incontinence: a 1-year follow-up in 123 patients. BJU international, 100(5), pp.1081–5.
Model, A.N., Shek, K.L. & Dietz, H.P., 2010. Levator defects are associated with prolapse after pelvic floor surgery. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 153(2), pp.220–3.
Molander, P. et al., 2007. Outcome of primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter rupture using the overlap technique. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 86(12), pp.1458–62. – 32 -015/055 – S2k-Leitlinie: Sonographie im Rahmen der urogynäkologischen Diagnostik aktueller Stand: 12/2013
Morren, G.L. et al., 2001. Audit of anal-sphincter repair. Colorectal disease, 3(1), pp.17–22.
Mouracade, P. et al., 2010. Correlation of introital ultrasound with LUTS after sling surgery.
International urogynecology journal, 21(10), pp.1261–4.
Mouritsen, L. & Bach, P., 1994. Ultrasonic evaluation of bladder neck position and mobility: the influence of urethral catheter, bladder volume, and body position. Neurourology and urodynamics, 13(6), pp.637–46.
Muller, M., Koebele, A. & Deval, B., 2007. [Determinants of success and recurrence after suburetral free tape procedure for female urinary incontinence]. Journal de gynécologie, obstétrique et biologie de la reproduction, 36(1), pp.19–29.
Murad-Regadas, S.M. et al., 2013. Anatomical and functional characteristics of the pelvic floor in nulliparous women submitted to three-dimensional endovaginal ultrasonography: case control study and evaluation of interobserver agreement. Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetrícia, 35(3), pp.123–9.
Nichols, C.M., Ramakrishnan, V., et al., 2005. Anal incontinence in women with and those without pelvic floor disorders. Obstetrics and gynecology, 106(6), pp.1266–71.
Nichols, C.M. et al., 2006. Anal sphincter defects and bowel symptoms in women with and without recognized anal sphincter trauma. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 194(5), pp.1450–4.
Nichols, C.M. et al., 2004. Anal sphincter injury in women with pelvic floor disorders. Obstetrics and gynecology, 104(4), pp.690–6.
Nichols, C.M., Lamb, E.H. & Ramakrishnan, V., 2005. Differences in outcomes after third- versus fourth-degree perineal laceration repair: a prospective study. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 193(2), pp.530–4; discussion 534–6.
Nordenstam, J.F. et al., 2010. Impaired rectal sensation at anal manometry is associated with anal incontinence one year after primary sphincter repair in primiparous women. Diseases of the colon and rectum, 53(10), pp.1409–14.
Norderval, S. et al., 2008. Correlation between anal sphincter defects and anal incontinence following obstetric sphincter tears: assessment using scoring systems for sonographic classification of defects. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 31(1), pp.78–84.
Norderval, S. et al., 2012. Incontinence after primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter tears is related to relative length of reconstructed external sphincter: a case-control study.
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 40(2), pp.207–14. Norderval, S., Dehli, T. & Vonen, B., 2009. Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasonography: intraobserver and interobserver agreement using scoring systems for classification of anal sphincter defects. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 33(3), pp.337–43.
Novi, J.M., Mulvihill, B.H.K. & Morgan, M.A., 2009. Combined anal sphincteroplasty and perineal reconstruction for fecal incontinence in women. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 109(4), pp.234–6.
Oberwalder, M., Thaler, K., et al., 2004. Anal ultrasound and endosonographic measurement of perineal body thickness: a new evaluation for fecal incontinence in females. Surgical endoscopy, 18(4), pp.650–4.
Oberwalder, M., Dinnewitzer, A., et al., 2004. The association between late-onset fecal incontinence and obstetric anal sphincter defects. Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 139(4), pp.429–32.
Oberwalder, M., Connor, J. & Wexner, S.D., 2003. Meta-analysis to determine the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter damage. The British journal of surgery, 90(11), pp.1333–7.
Oelke, M., 2010. International Consultation on Incontinence-Research Society (ICI-RS) report on non-invasive urodynamics: the need of standardization of ultrasound bladder and detrusor wall thickness measurements to quantify bladder wall hypertrophy. Neurourology and urodynamics, 29(4), pp.634–9.
Olsen, I.P. et al., 2008a. Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound assessment of the anal sphincters during rest and squeeze. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 87(6), pp.669–74.
Olsen, I.P. et al., 2008b. Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound assessment of the anal sphincters: reproducibility. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 87(6), pp.675–81.
Oom, D.M.J. et al., 2012. Detection of anal sphincter defects in female patients with fecal incontinence: a comparison of 3-dimensional transperineal ultrasound and 2-dimensional endoanal ultrasound. Diseases of the colon and rectum, 55(6), pp.646–52.
Ornö, A.-K., Marsál, K. & Herbst, A., 2008. Ultrasonographic anatomy of perineal structures during pregnancy and immediately following obstetric injury. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 32(4), pp.527–34.
Panayi, D.C. et al., 2010. Ultrasound measurement of bladder wall thickness is associated with the overactive bladder syndrome. Neurourology and urodynamics, 29(7), pp.1295–8.
Peschers, U.M., Gingelmaier, A., et al., 2001. Evaluation of pelvic floor muscle strength using four different techniques. International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction, 12(1), pp.27–30.
Peschers, U.M., Voduŝek, D.B., et al., 2001. Pelvic muscle activity in nulliparous volunteers.
Neurourology and urodynamics, 20(3), pp.269–75.
Peschers, U.M. et al., 2003. Urinary and anal incontinence after vacuum delivery. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 110(1), pp.39–42. Di Pietto, L. et al., 2010. Perineal ultrasound evaluation of urethral mobility after the TVT-O procedure. Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology, 37(2), pp.131–4.
Pinta, T.M. et al., 2004. Sphincter rupture and anal incontinence after first vaginal delivery. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 83(10), pp.917–22.
Pirpiris, A., Shek, K.L. & Dietz, H.P., 2010. Urethral mobility and urinary incontinence.
Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 36(4), pp.507–11.
Poggio, J.L., 2011. Premalignant lesions of the anal canal and squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. Clinics in colon and rectal surgery, 24(3), pp.177–92.
Pregazzi, R. et al., 2002. Perineal ultrasound evaluation of urethral angle and bladder neck mobility in women with stress urinary incontinence. BJOG, 109(7), pp.821–7.
Price, N. et al., 2009. The benefit of early mobilisation of tension-free vaginal tape in the treatment of post-operative voiding dysfunction. International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction, 20(7), pp.855–8.
Pucciani, F., 2013. Faecal soiling: pathophysiology of post-defaecatory incontinence. Colorectal Pucciani, F., Raggioli, M. & Gattai, R., 2013. Rehabilitation of fecal incontinence: what is the influence of anal sphincter lesions? Techniques in coloproctology, 17(3), pp.299–306.
Ratto, C. et al., 2010. Sacral nerve stimulation is a valid approach in fecal incontinence due to sphincter lesions when compared to sphincter repair. Diseases of the colon and rectum, 53(3), pp.264–72.
Rautenberg, O., Kociszewski, J., Kuszka, A., et al., 2013. The vaginal sulcus: Does it play a role in tape insertion? International Urogynecology Journal, (24), p.S27.
Rautenberg, O., Kociszewski, J., Welter, J., et al., 2013. Ultrasound and early tape mobilization-a practical solution for treating postoperative voiding dysfunction. Neurourology and
Reddymasu, S.C. et al., 2009. Comparison of anorectal manometry to endoanal ultrasound in the evaluation of fecal incontinence. The American journal of the medical sciences, 337(5), pp.336–9.
Richter, H.E. et al., 2006. Endoanal ultrasound findings and fecal incontinence symptoms in women with and without recognized anal sphincter tears. Obstetrics and gynecology, 108(6), pp.1394–401.
Rieger, N. et al., 2004. Anal sphincter function and integrity after primary repair of third-degree tear: uncontrolled prospective analysis. ANZ journal of surgery, 74(3), pp.122–4.
Robinson, D. et al., 2004. Correlating structure and function: three-dimensional ultrasound of the urethral sphincter. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 23(3), pp.272–6.
Rociu, E. et al., 1999. Fecal incontinence: endoanal US versus endoanal MR imaging. Radiology, 212(2), pp.453–8.
Roehrborn, C.G. et al., 1986. The role of transabdominal ultrasound in the preoperative evaluation of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. The Journal of urology, 135(6), pp.1190–3.
Roos, A.-M. et al., 2012. Predicting anal sphincter defects: the value of clinical examination and manometry. International urogynecology journal, 23(6), pp.755–63.
Roos, A.-M. et al., 2011. The diagnostic accuracy of endovaginal and transperineal ultrasound for detecting anal sphincter defects: The PREDICT study. Clinical radiology, 66(7), pp.597–
Roos, A.-M., Thakar, R. & Sultan, A.H., 2010. Outcome of primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS): does the grade of tear matter? Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 36(3), pp.368–74.
Sakse, A. et al., 2009. Defects on endoanal ultrasound and anal incontinence after primary repair of fourth-degree anal sphincter rupture: a study of the anal sphincter complex and puborectal muscle. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 34(6), pp.693–8.
Samarasekera, D.N., Wright, Y., et al., 2008. Comparison of vector symmetry index and endoanal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of anal sphincter disruption. Techniques in coloproctology, 12(3), pp.211–5.
Samarasekera, D.N., Bekhit, M.T., et al., 2008. Long-term anal continence and quality of life following postpartum anal sphincter injury. Colorectal disease, 10(8), pp.793–9.
Santoro, G.A., Wieczorek, A.P., Shobeiri, S.A., et al., 2011. Interobserver and interdisciplinary reproducibility of 3D endovaginal ultrasound assessment of pelvic floor anatomy. International urogynecology journal, 22(1), pp.53–9.
Santoro, G.A., Wieczorek, A.P., Dietz, H.P., et al., 2011. State of the art: an integrated approach to pelvic floor ultrasonography. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 37(4), pp.381–96.
Sapsford, R.R. et al., 2001. Co-activation of the abdominal and pelvic floor muscles during voluntary exercises. Neurourology and urodynamics, 20(1), pp.31–42.
Schaer, G.N. et al., 1995. Perineal ultrasound for evaluating the bladder neck in urinary stress incontinence. Obstetrics and gynecology, 85(2), pp.220–4.
Schaer, G.N. et al., 1996. Perineal ultrasound: determination of reliable examination procedures.
Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 7(5), pp.347–52. Schaer, G.N. et al., 1999. Sonographic evaluation of the bladder neck in continent and stressincontinent women. Obstetrics and gynecology, 93(3), pp.412–6.
Schäfer, R. et al., 1997. Anal endosonography and manometry: comparison in patients with defecation problems. Diseases of the colon and rectum, 40(3), pp.293–7.
Scheer, I., Thakar, R. & Sultan, A.H., 2009. Mode of delivery after previous obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS)–a reappraisal? International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction, 20(9), pp.1095–101.
Schwenke, A. & Fischer, W., 1994. Urogenitalsonographie bei weiblicher Harninkontinenz. Gynäkol Prax, (16), pp.683–694.
Schwertner-Tiepelmann, N. et al., 2012. Obstetric levator ani muscle injuries: current status. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 39(4), pp.372–83.
Serati, M. et al., 2010. Ultrasound measurement of bladder wall thickness in different forms of detrousor overactivity. International urogynecology journal2, 21(11), pp.1405–11.
Shahin, A.Y. & Hameed, D.A., 2010. Does visceral peritoneal closure affect post-cesarean urinary symptoms? A randomized clinical trial. International urogynecology journal, 21(1), pp.33–
Shek, K.L. et al., 2008. Transobturator mesh for cystocele repair: a short- to medium-term followup using 3D/4D ultrasound. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 32(1), pp.82–6.
Shek, K.L., Chantarasorn, V. & Dietz, H.P., 2010. The urethral motion profile before and after suburethral sling placement. The Journal of urology, 183(4), pp.1450–4.
Shek, K.L. & Dietz, H.-P., 2013. Pelvic floor ultrasonography: an update. Minerva ginecologica, 65(1), pp.1–20.
Shek, K.L., Dietz, H.P. & Kirby, A., 2010. The effect of childbirth on urethral mobility: a prospective observational study. The Journal of urology, 184(2), pp.629–34.
Shek, K.L., Pirpiris, A. & Dietz, H.P., 2010. Does levator avulsion increase urethral mobility?
European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 153(2), pp.215–9. Siafarikas, F. et al., 2013. Learning process for performing and analyzing 3D/4D transperineal ultrasound imaging and interobserver reliability study,
Skala, C. et al., 2004. Postoperative funneling after anti-incontinence surgery–a prognostic indicator?–Part 1: colposuspension. Neurourology and urodynamics, 23(7), pp.636–42.
Spelzini, F. et al., 2013. Three-dimensional ultrasound assessment and middle term efficacy of a single-incision sling. International urogynecology journal, 24(8), pp.1391–7.
Starck, M., Bohe, M. & Valentin, L., 2003. Results of endosonographic imaging of the anal sphincter 2-7 days after primary repair of third- or fourth-degree obstetric sphincter tears. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 22(6), pp.609–15.
Steensma, A.B., Oom, D.M.J., et al., 2010. Assessment of posterior compartment prolapse: a comparison of evacuation proctography and 3D transperineal ultrasound. Colorectal disease, 12(6), pp.533–9.
Steensma, A.B., Konstantinovic, M.L., et al., 2010. Prevalence of major levator abnormalities in symptomatic patients with an underactive pelvic floor contraction. International urogynecology journal, 21(7), pp.861–7.
Stoller, M.L. & Millard, R.J., 1989. The accuracy of a catheterized residual urine. The Journal of urology, 141(1), pp.15–6.
Sudoł-Szopinńska, I. et al., 2010. Postpartum endoanal ultrasound findings in primiparous women after vaginal delivery. Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987), 51(7), pp.819–24.
Svabík, K. et al., 2011. Ultrasound appearances after mesh implantation–evidence of mesh contraction or folding? International urogynecology journal, 22(5), pp.529–33.
Teyhen, D.S., 2007. RUI: the roadmap ahead. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, (37), pp.431–433. Thompson, J.A. et al., 2005. Assessment of pelvic floor movement using transabdominal and transperineal ultrasound. International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction, 16(4), pp.285–92.
Tjandra, J.J. et al., 2001. Faecal incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy is often associated with coexisting occult sphincter defects: a study using endoanal ultrasonography. ANZ journal of surgery, 71(10), pp.598–602.
Tjandra, J.J. et al., 2008. Predictive factors for faecal incontinence after third or fourth degree obstetric tears: a clinico-physiologic study. Colorectal disease, 10(7), pp.681–8.
Toozs-Hobson, P., Khullar, V. & Cardozo, L., 2001. Three-dimensional ultrasound: a novel technique for investigating the urethral sphincter in the third trimester of pregnancy.
Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 17(5), pp.421–4. Toyonaga, T. et al., 2006. Endoanal ultrasonography in the diagnosis and operative management of perianal endometriosis: report of two cases. Techniques in coloproctology, 10(4), pp.357–
Tsang, C.B. et al., 1998. Anal sphincter integrity and function influences outcome in rectovaginal fistula repair. Diseases of the colon and rectum, 41(9), pp.1141–6.
Tubaro, A. et al., 2008a. Imaging and other Investigations. In Incontinence. p. 562.
Tubaro, A. et al., 2008b. Imaging ans other Investigations. In Incontinence. pp. 545–550.
Tufan, K. et al., 2012. Non-invasive diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence sub types using wavelet analysis, shannon entropy and principal component analysis. Journal of medical systems, 36(4), pp.2159–69.
Tunn, R. et al., 2007. Sonomorphological evaluation of polypropylene mesh implants after vaginal mesh repair in women with cystocele or rectocele. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 29(4), pp.449–52.
Tunn, R. et al., 2005. Updated recommendations on ultrasonography in urogynecology.
International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction, 16(3), pp.236–41.
Tunn, R., Gauruder-Burmester, A. & Kölle, D., 2004. Ultrasound diagnosis of intra-urethral tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) position as a cause of postoperative voiding dysfunction and retropubic pain. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 23(3), pp.298–301.
Tunn, R. & Petri, E., 2003. Introital and transvaginal ultrasound as the main tool in the assessment of urogenital and pelvic floor dysfunction: an imaging panel and practical approach. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 22(2), pp.205–13.
Vaccaro, C. & Clemons, J.L., 2008. Anal sphincter defects and anal incontinence symptoms after repair of obstetric anal sphincter lacerations in primiparous women. International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction, 19(11), pp.1503–8.
Velemir, L. et al., 2010. Transvaginal mesh repair of anterior and posterior vaginal wall prolapse: a clinical and ultrasonographic study. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 35(4), pp.474–
Vergeldt, T.F.M. et al., 2013. Comparison of two scoring systems for diagnosing levator ani muscle damage. International Urogynecology Journal.
Viereck, V. et al., 2003. [Ultrasound imaging of the lower urinary tract in women before and after colposuspension: a 6-month follow-up]. Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980), 24(5), pp.340–4.
Viereck, V., Bader, W., et al., 2004. Determination of bladder neck position by intraoperative introital ultrasound in colposuspension: outcome at 6-month follow-up. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 24(2), pp.186–91.
Viereck, V. et al., 2005. Intra-operative introital ultrasound in Burch colposuspension reduces post-operative complications. BJOG, 112(6), pp.791–6.
Viereck, V., Pauer, H.-U., et al., 2004. Introital ultrasound of the lower genital tract before and after colposuspension: a 4-year objective follow-up. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 23(3), pp.277–83.
Viereck, V., Rautenberg, O., et al., 2013. Midurethral sling incision: indications and outcomes.
International urogynecology journal, 24(4), pp.645–53.
Viereck, V., Nebel, M., et al., 2006. Role of bladder neck mobility and urethral closure pressure in predicting outcome of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 28(2), pp.214–20.
Viereck, V., Kuszka, A., et al., 2013. Should suburethral incision be the same in all tension free vaginal slings? International Urogynecology Journal, (24), pp.S30 DOI 10.1007/s00192– 013–2101–3.
Viereck, V., Pauer, H.-U., et al., 2006. Urethral hypermobility after anti-incontinence surgery – a prognostic indicator? International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction, 17(6), pp.586–92.
Viereck, V., Kociszewski, J. & Eberhard, J., 2010. Präoperative urogynäkologische Diagnostik. J Urol Urogynäkol, (12), pp.28–35.
Weemhoff, M. et al., 2012. Avulsion of puborectalis muscle and other risk factors for cystocele recurrence: a 2-year follow-up study. International urogynecology journal, 23(1), pp.65–71.
West, R.L. et al., 2005. Can three-dimensional endoanal ultrasonography detect external anal sphincter atrophy? A comparison with endoanal magnetic resonance imaging. International journal of colorectal disease, 20(4), pp.328–33.
Wieczorek, A.P. et al., 2012. 3-D high-frequency endovaginal ultrasound of female urethral complex and assessment of inter-observer reliability. European journal of radiology, 81(1), pp.e7–e12.
Willis, S. et al., 2002. Childbirth and incontinence: a prospective study on anal sphincter morphology and function before and early after vaginal delivery. Langenbeck’s archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie, 387(2), pp.101–7.
Wisser, J. et al., 1999. Use of 3D Ultrasound as a New approach to Assess Obstetrical Trauma to the Pelvic Floor. Ultraschall in der Medizin, 20(1), pp.15–18.
Wong, V. et al., 2013. Is levator avulsion a predictor of cystocele recurrence following anterior vaginal mesh placement? Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 42(2), pp.230–4.
Yang, J.-M. et al., 2010. Clinical and pathophysiological correlates of the symptom severity of stress urinary incontinence. International urogynecology journal, 21(6), pp.637–43. – 41 -015/055 – S2k-Leitlinie: Sonographie im Rahmen der urogynäkologischen Diagnostik aktueller Stand: 12/2013
Yang, J.-M. et al., 2012. Correlation of tape location and tension with surgical outcome after transobturator suburethral tape procedures. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology, 39(4), pp.458–65.
Yang, J.-M. & Huang, W.-C., 2003. Bladder wall thickness on ultrasonographic cystourethrography: affecting factors and their implications. Journal of ultrasound in medicine, 22(8), pp.777–82.
Yang, J.-M., Yang, S.-H. & Huang, W.-C., 2008. Dynamic interaction involved in the tension-free vaginal tape obturator procedure. The Journal of urology, 180(5), pp.2081–7.
Yucel, E. et al., 2013. Endoanal ultrasonographic evaluation of an unhealed anal fissure after the lateral internal sphincterotomy. Bratislavské lekárske listy, 114(1), pp.27–30.
Zhuang, R.R. et al., 2011. Levator avulsion using a tomographic ultrasound and magnetic resonance–based model. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 205(3), pp.232.e1–232.e8.
Zivanovic, I. et al., 2013. Bladder perforation after TVT-Secur TM procedure: how secure is TVTSecur TM Archives of gynecology and obstetrics.